ABSTRACT
Resumen Desde 2005, cuando la Asociación Mundial de Psiquiatría presentó su Programa Institucional de Psiquiatría para la Persona, muchas organizaciones están trabajando en conjunto para que los cuidados médicos sean menos orientados a las enfermedades y mas centrados en la persona como un todo. Hoy en día, más que 30 organizaciones están relacionadas en promover la medicina centrada en la persona, donde se destacan algunas de sus iniciativas.
Abstract Since 2005, when the World Psychiatric Association has launched its Institutional Program on Psychiatry for the Person, many different organizations have worked together to advance medical care from a disease-oriented challenge to a focus centered in the whole person. Nowadays, over 30 organizations are related in promoting person-centered medicine, from which some initiatives are highlighted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient-Centered Care , Interinstitutional Relations , PsychiatryABSTRACT
Background: Dimensional models of psychopathology demonstrate that two correlated factors of fear and distress account for the covariation among depressive and anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, these models tend to exclude variables relevant to psychopathology, such as temperament traits. This study examined the joint structure of DSM-IV-based major depression and anxiety disorders along with trait negative affect in a representative sample of adult individuals residing in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 3,728 individuals who were administered sections D (phobic, anxiety and panic disorders) and E (depressive disorders) of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 2.1 and a validated version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Data were analyzed using correlational and structural equation modeling. Results: Lifetime prevalence ranged from 2.4% for panic disorder to 23.2% for major depression. Most target variables were moderately correlated. A two-factor model specifying correlated fear and distress factors was retained and confirmed for models including only diagnostic variables and diagnostic variables along with trait negative affect. Conclusions: This study provides support for characterization of internalizing psychopathology and trait negative affect in terms of correlated dimensions of distress and fear. These results have potential implications for psychiatric taxonomy and for understanding the relationship between temperament and psychopathology. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Affect/physiology , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology , Models, Psychological , Anxiety Disorders/classification , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depressive Disorder, Major/classification , Fear/physiology , Psychopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reference Values , Temperament/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective: Positive and negative affect are the two psychobiological-dispositional dimensions reflecting proneness to positive and negative activation that influence the extent to which individuals experience life events as joyful or as distressful. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a structured questionnaire that provides independent indexes of positive and negative affect. This study aimed to validate a Brazilian interview-version of the PANAS by means of factor and internal consistency analysis. Methods: A representative community sample of 3,728 individuals residing in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, voluntarily completed the PANAS. Exploratory structural equation model analysis was based on maximum likelihood estimation and reliability was calculated via Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Our results provide support for the hypothesis that the PANAS reliably measures two distinct dimensions of positive and negative affect. Conclusion: The structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the PANAS are consistent with those of its original version. Taken together, these results attest the validity of the Brazilian adaptation of the instrument. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Affect , Psychological Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Brazil , Language , Likelihood Functions , Psychometrics , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , TranslatingABSTRACT
Uma serie de instrumentos padronizados de avaliacao diagnostica foram propostos e vem sendo utilizados em pesquisa clinica nos ultimos 30 anos. Particularmente relacionados a avaliacao de sintomas ou sindromes psiquiatricas, baseiam-se nos criterios e categorias diagnosticas de sistemas de classificacao psiquiatrica. Ressaltam-se aqui as resistencias e limitacoes que encontram para serem mais amplamente utilizados na clinica psiquiatrica, bem como aspectos relacionados a sua utilidade como recursos adicionais ao diagnostico multidimensional do paciente psiquiatrico
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Evaluation StudyABSTRACT
Uma serie de instrumentos de avaliacao foram criados particularmente em paises ocidentais desenvolvidos, para serem utilizados em pesquisas envolvendo diversos topicos relacionados a psiquiatria e saude mental. Esses instrumentos vem sendo utilizados em culturas diferentes daquelas de onde se originaram, muitas vezes sem os cuidados que possam garantir validade aos resultados gerados em sua aplicacao. A geracao, interpretacao e comparabilidade de dados provenientes de realidades socioculturais especificas envolvem o respeito a conceitos e procedimentos discutidos no presente artigo